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1990-1999
HISTORY
The 1990s saw a rise in the awareness of multiculturalism compared to the 1980s, as well as the advance of alternative media. Music movements like grunge, the rave scene and hip hop became popular with young people worldwide, aided by then-new technology such as cable television and the World Wide Web.
A combination of factors led to a realignment and consolidation of economic and political power across the world and within countries. Such factors include the continued mass mobilization of capital markets through neoliberalism, the thawing and end of the decades-long Cold War, the beginning of the widespread proliferation of new media such as the Internet, increasing skepticism towards the government, and the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The dot-com frenzy resulted in the dot-com bubble of 1997–2000 that brought great wealth to some entrepreneurs before its crash between 2000 and 2001.
The 1990s saw extreme advances in technology, with the World Wide Web, the first gene therapy trial, cloning, and the first designer babies all emerging and being improved upon throughout the decade.
New ethnic conflicts emerged in Africa, the Balkans, and the Caucasus, the former two witnessing the Rwandan and Bosnian genocides, respectively. Signs of any resolution of tensions between Israel and the Arab world remained elusive despite the progress of the Oslo Accords. The Troubles in Northern Ireland came to a standstill in 1998 with the Good Friday Agreement following 30 long years of violence
A combination of factors led to a realignment and consolidation of economic and political power across the world and within countries. Such factors include the continued mass mobilization of capital markets through neoliberalism, the thawing and end of the decades-long Cold War, the beginning of the widespread proliferation of new media such as the Internet, increasing skepticism towards the government, and the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The dot-com frenzy resulted in the dot-com bubble of 1997–2000 that brought great wealth to some entrepreneurs before its crash between 2000 and 2001.
The 1990s saw extreme advances in technology, with the World Wide Web, the first gene therapy trial, cloning, and the first designer babies all emerging and being improved upon throughout the decade.
New ethnic conflicts emerged in Africa, the Balkans, and the Caucasus, the former two witnessing the Rwandan and Bosnian genocides, respectively. Signs of any resolution of tensions between Israel and the Arab world remained elusive despite the progress of the Oslo Accords. The Troubles in Northern Ireland came to a standstill in 1998 with the Good Friday Agreement following 30 long years of violence
THE GULF WAR
On 2 August 1990 Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait, a tiny oil-producing state in the Persian Gulf. The response of the international community was swift. The United Nations demanded Iraqi withdrawal and imposed a trade embargo.
A US-led coalition force made up of nearly one million service personnel from 32 countries, including 53,457 from the United Kingdom, was assembled to expel the Iraqis should diplomacy fail.
The United Nations set a deadline of 15 January 1991 for Iraqi forces to leave Kuwait. This deadline was ignored.
The air war began on 17 January with coalition aircraft flying over 100,000 sorties. Land operations started on 24 February and were successfully concluded in just five days.
Coalition forces lost 392 dead, including 47 British soldiers. Iraqi battle deaths were estimated at between 20,000 and 35,000, while over 3,000 civilians were killed in coalition air strikes.
Saddam Hussein remained in power in Iraq and subsequent sanctions left the country economically crippled and internationally isolated.
A US-led coalition force made up of nearly one million service personnel from 32 countries, including 53,457 from the United Kingdom, was assembled to expel the Iraqis should diplomacy fail.
The United Nations set a deadline of 15 January 1991 for Iraqi forces to leave Kuwait. This deadline was ignored.
The air war began on 17 January with coalition aircraft flying over 100,000 sorties. Land operations started on 24 February and were successfully concluded in just five days.
Coalition forces lost 392 dead, including 47 British soldiers. Iraqi battle deaths were estimated at between 20,000 and 35,000, while over 3,000 civilians were killed in coalition air strikes.
Saddam Hussein remained in power in Iraq and subsequent sanctions left the country economically crippled and internationally isolated.
BEST ARTISTS AND SONGS
This decade was dominated by alternative rock and heavy metal with magnificient artists and groups standing out as: